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Download Ebook , by Franco David Macri Dr. Franco David Macri

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, by Franco David Macri Dr. Franco David Macri

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Product details

File Size: 6122 KB

Print Length: 485 pages

Publisher: University Press of Kansas; Reprint edition (July 5, 2015)

Publication Date: June 5, 2015

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Language: English

ASIN: B01092QWUU

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This book finally examinates the war between China and Japan , that officially began on 1937 with the incident at the Marco Polo Bridge, but that in reality was in a crescendo since the creation of the Manchukuo puppet regime in Manchuria on 1931-33.The book tells the history of this war since its preparatory phases (1935-1937) till the beginning of WWII in the Pacific theater, so it doesn't include the ICHI-GO japanese operation (1944-45) against the american airbases.The aim of this book is to demonstrate how this war was in reality a proxy war for the Allies that hoped, in this way, to keep the Japanese bogged down in a war of attrition that would prevent them from breaching British and Soviet territories. Indeed these two nations were the most active partners of the Chinese gouvernement about military supplies, the British Empire, even gave Hong-Kong as main base for this scope, indispensable because of his rail connection to the city of Changsha.Because of the drawing on US and British official documents this book constitutes a pioneering work that gives new insight into the origins of the war in the Pacific theater.Very, very interesting !

This book has helped fill my knowledge gap regarding Chinese defensive posture against the Japanese invasion which began in 1933. The focus of the book is South China where the author explains how Chiang Kai Shek managed to control an array of quasi-independent unruly warlords and keep them focused on repelling the Japanese invasion. One province, in particular, Hunan, was rich in wheat and was key to the defense of South China. In this endeavor, despite repeated battles for the provincial capital, Changsha, Chiang was successful. The "neutral" British used the port of Hong Kong to funnel guns, munitions and military supplies into the Nationalist Chinese, which is a new revelation for me. This caused a conundrum for the Japanese who had their hands full in China and were, at that time, more focused on expanding their empire into Mongolia and Siberia and did not want to alienate the British by taking military action against Hong Kong. Further, when Germany invaded Russia, it became the intention of the British and Americans to provide sufficient aid to China to keep them fighting the Japanese, and inhibiting them from attacking Russia through Siberia. Furthermore, in doing so, the Allies were providing proxy assistance to Stalin who was fighting the Germans at the gates of Moscow. The book contains many insights in the political machinations of China, Britain, America, Russia and Japan and the military campaigns of the Sino-Japanese War in South China. It take concentration to read through the book, but the reward is well worth the investment in time. My only criticism of the book was its lack of regional maps which would have been a useful adjunct to the narrative. Highly recommended!

One of the best book I have read about the Sino - Japanese war - many new and little known information Franco managed to find is really a gem and what makes this book stands out.Very detailed backed up with maps - slightly long winded - as most scholar are, is a minor distraction to what is a very excellent book

I think this was a well written history. I have looked for books on China, but there jsut isn't much history for a closed society. Pre-WWII events in Asia are an interest to me and the author illustrates out some key points in this book. How the west wanted to deal with China and how Japan viewed them.

Clash of Empires in South China changed my opinion about why war came to the Pacific in 1941. I am writing an MA thesis on the mistakes in the sphere of the execution of sea power that led to the War in the Pacific and am very glad I chose to read the book. I am reading a lot of material and want to be thorough but you cant read everything so this book was not a given. Until reading this book I believed that Japan had went to war against the US and Britain because of a need for natural resources. This book takes that view one step further. In 1940 the US embargoed scrap iron because Japan had occupied northern Indo-China and signed the Tripartite Pact. In 1941 the US froze Japanese assets and embargoed oil which was followed by Britain and the Netherlands because Japan occupied southern Indo-China. Japan then attacked in the Pacific.So why did Japan occupy relatively insignificant Indo-China which played a key role in instigating Western economic warfare? Franco Macri makes it clear that Japan occupied northern Indo-China to isolate China from contraband of war being shipped to China via Indo-China. Previously I believed that Japan’s war in China although a distraction and indirectly a cause for the Pacific War had no direct link in the Japanese drive for natural resources made necessary by Western economic warfare. I realize that in 1941 China did become a cause for the US when it gave the Japanese the impossible ultimatum to withdraw from China but by then the die for war was cast. Until 1941 the US had tacitly accepted Japan’s position in China. At the very least it was not something the US was going to go to war with Japan over.Macris with China as the backdrop details the strategic foreign relations maneuvering of Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, US and the USSR. The author makes it clear that the US was extremely reluctant to get involved. It was dragged further into China by Canada which was bridging relations between Britain which lacked resources but was deeply interested in the region and the US with resources but limited interest to interfere in a war. The powerful nations with interests in the region would shift alliances as circumstances changed. Britain began by seeking an alliance with the USSR because of its concerns with Germany in Europe. So Britain to appeal to the Soviets took a position against Japan in China. Britain after the USSR signed its pact with Germany took a less hostile positon with Japan. They closed the Burma Road for 6 months which Japan had been seeking so as to starve China of Western contraband of war. This attempt to cut off aid to China was same reason why the Japanese concluded an agreement with Vichy France to occupy northern Indo-China.The Japanese much like the US in Vietnam or the US in its current Middle East wars found themselves in an unwinnable war. The vast extent and population of China meant that though the Japanese could win campaigns the Chinese could keep withdrawing into the interior. Despite the Japanese commitment of hundreds of thousands of troops they did not have enough troops to occupy regions permanently. They would launch a campaign and drive the Chinese out with massive losses inflicted on the Chinese and not insubstantial casualties of its own but would eventually have to withdraw from the region to be sent elsewhere to fight Chinese. Like the Middle East today there was no military solution but the Japanese would not accept Chiang Kai Shek as someone they could conclude an agreement partly because his alliance with the communists. There were negotiations but the Japanese tried to initiate these negotiations after their military unsuccessfully tried to put them in a position to dictate terms. It was an environment of invincibility the Japanese could never achieve despite having a military vastly superior to China’s. The Japanese tried to set up a puppet Chinese govt as a negotiating partner but that govt was not accepted by the people.The Japanese also shifted positions from being hostile to the USSR to attempting to ally with them. Following the German invasion of the USSR the Japanese and Soviets established friendlier terms which allowed the Soviets to send reinforcements from Siberia which played an important role in stopping the German invasion and essentially ensuring that the Axis would lose WWII. From the Japanese stand point it was the correct decision as they did not need to double down on their Chinese mistake with a war against the USSR.Macris approaches the subject most deeply from the point of view of the British. He delves deeply into the British position so to make it clear that the position was not accepted by all components of its govt. The Foreign Office was determined to use its colony in Hong Kong as a port of entry for contraband of war to support China against Japan. This was a position that the British military very much opposed because it recognized its untenable position if Japan went to war against Britain.The author does a good job of describing how Chiang Kai Shek manipulated war lords to gain use of their military assets without unduly strengthening them. Chiang Kai Shek made his major effort to try to create an incident between Japan and Britain or US so as to draw the West into the war. He realized alone he could never beat Japan but he also knew he could outlast Japan.Prior to reading this book I had no knowledge of the Japanese campaigns in China. The author does an adequate job describing battles at the operational level so that someone like me with no prior knowledge can see the big picture. He could use more maps of a smaller scale to describe the movements of armies though This is an operational level discussion of the war in southern China so do not expect a detailed tactical description of the battles.The author has investigated a relatively uninvestigated aspect of WWII which its impact had what could be called decisive impact when you consider it drove the Japanese to take steps which initiated an economic response from the West which then led to the Japanese military strikes in the Pacific. In addition the Japanese and Soviet agreement to end conflict in the Far East made it possible for Siberian reinforcements to stop the German invasion of the USSR. The Japanese pursued their policies in Indo-China and with the USSR driven by its desire to end all material support including Soviet to China.I am no expert on ground warfare but most every WWII buff knows about the pivotal ground battles of El Alamein, Stalingrad, Moscow, Kursk, Normandy ,etc. but now the battles of Shanghai, Nanking (known for the massacre not the battle) and Changsha as well as the aerial bombardment of Chungking need to be added to the list. Essential reading for those with an interest in the causes or WWII and the war in the Pacific. I recommend you also read Eri Hotta’s Pan-Asianism and Japan’s 15 Year War and Japan 1941. I don’t think anyone is drawing the comparison other than Hotta but the US current military involvement in the Middle East has some striking similarities with Japan’s occupation of China. There are lessons to be learned for those who want to avoid the types of mistakes that Japan made which devastated their nation.

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